Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with cases rising in many countries like Japan. To combat this, colonoscopy screening has been proven to reduce the chances of developing or dying from this disease.
What Is a Colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is a procedure where doctors who specialize in the digestive system (gastroenterologists) examine the entire colon and rectum for growths called polyps. These polyps can sometimes turn into cancer. During the screening, doctors can remove these polyps, preventing them from becoming dangerous. Research shows that people who undergo regular colonoscopies have lower colon cancer rates and fewer deaths.
Adenoma Detection Rate (ADR)
The effectiveness of a colonoscopy depends on several factors, including a good adenoma detection rate (ADR). This rate refers to the percentage of patients in whom doctors find and remove potentially dangerous growths. Higher ADRs mean better outcomes for patients. Unfortunately, some polyps—especially those located in certain areas of the colon—can be missed during the procedure.
The Role of New Technologies
To address the possibility of missed polyps, newer technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and image-enhanced endoscopy have been developed. These tools help doctors spot more polyps during a colonoscopy and improve overall detection rates.
Importance of Proper Bowel Preparation
Preparation is critical. Patients must clean out their bowels thoroughly before the procedure to ensure doctors have a clear view of the colon. This is done using special laxatives. Studies show that better preparation leads to more accurate results and safer outcomes.
Risks and Overall Benefits
Colonoscopy is generally safe, but like any procedure, it carries some risks, including minor bleeding or very rare complications. However, these risks are far outweighed by the benefits of early detection and removal of polyps.
Encouraging Participation
By improving the quality of screenings and encouraging more people to participate—especially those at higher risk—colonoscopy can significantly reduce the impact of colon cancer. Educating people about the importance of screenings through public campaigns and personal invitations can help save lives.
Source:
Tada N, Tamai N, Sumiyama K. Screening Colonoscopy to Reduce the Incidence and Mortality of Colorectal Cancer. Digestion. 2024 Oct 22:1-7.
